A brief monetary history:
- Turkish currency, till 1878
- Austrian currency, 1878-1919
- Yugoslavian currency, 1919-1992
- Bosnian Dinar = (Yugoslavian Dinar) = 100 Para, 1992-1994
- new Dinar = 10,.000 old Dinar, 1994-95
- Bosnian Mark = (0.51 Euro) = 100 Fening, from 1995
By the mid fourth-century BC, coins were issued primarily on the islands of Pharos, the island of Issa and in the kingdom of Paeonia. Paeonian and Celtic coins (in Croatia) were succeeded by Roman coins following the annexation of Macedonia in the second century BC, though initially these coins were minted in Rome. After the fall of Rome, Byzantine coins were predominant until the twelfth century when Freisach pfennigs and Venetian denarii began to circulate. In the 1260s, the kings of Serbia began issuing imitations of Venetian grossi.
Serbia fell under Ottoman rule in 1459. Slavonia and northern Yugoslavia remained mostly under Hungarian rule, while Montenegro remained independent. Venice remained an important influence in Dalmatia until 1797 where Venetian coinage made up most of the currency. Ragusa survived as a republic under Turkish protection from 1526 until 1806 using a monetary system similar to that of Venice with 1 ducat equal to 40 grossetti and 240 soldi.
The current territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina was part of the Ottoman Empire until it was administered by Austria-Hungary beginning on July 13, 1878. It was annexed by Austria in 1908. After World War I, Bosnia-Herzegovina became part of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on December 1, 1918, which was renamed Yugoslavia on October 3, 1929. After Germany invaded Yugoslavia, the country was divided on April 10, 1941 with Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia making up Croatia; Serbia and Kosovo being made part of Serbia; Montenegro receiving nominal independence; and Macedonia made part of Bulgaria. Yugoslavia was liberated in April 1945 and was restored as the Federal Democratic Republic of Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its independence from Yugoslavia on March 3, 1992 and gained its full independence on October 5, 1996.
Bosnia-Herzegovina used Ottoman Empire Piastres (XOTP) under the Ottoman Empire. The Lira was divisible into 100 Piastres and 4000 Paras. Banknotes were issued by the Treasury of the Ottoman Empire. The Austrian Kronen (ATK), divisible into 100 Heller, was used under Austria-Hungary. Banknotes were issued by the Staats Central Casse. After World War I, Yugoslavia adopted the Serbian Dinar, divisible into 100 Para, as its currency with 1 Dinar (YUS) equal to 4 Kronen (YUK). After Germany and Italy invaded Yugoslavia, Bosnia-Herzegovina was made part of Croatia from 1941 to 1943 and used the Croatian Kuna (HRD), divisible into 100 Banica, though German Reichskreditkassenschein (XDEK) also circulated.
In April 1945, Yugoslavia was liberated, and the Yugoslav Federation Dinar was introduced with official rates of exchange set at 1 Yugoslav Federation Dinar (YUF) equal to 40 Croatian Kuna or 20 Serbian Dinars, and 50 YUF equal to 1 US Dollar. On January 1, 1966, a Hard Dinar (YUD) replaced the Dinar at the rate of 1 Hard Dinar equal to 100 old Dinara. A Convertible Dinar (YUN) was introduced on January 1, 1990 at the rate of 1 Convertible Dinar equal to 10,000 Hard Dinara. A Reformed Dinar (YUR) was introduced on July 1, 1992 at the rate of 1 Reformed Dinar equal to 10 New Dinara. Throughout this period, Yugoslavia had various currency controls which included, at various points in time, special rates for imports, exports, nonresident accounts, socialist transactions as well as black market rates.
Banknotes were issued by the Ministry of Finance from 1919 until 1920, by the National Bank of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1920 until 1929, by the National Bank of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929 until April 1941, by the Serbian National Bank from April 1941 until October 1944, by Democratic Federation of Yugoslavia from 1944 until 1946, by the National Bank of Yugoslavia from January 1946 until 1995.
Upon declaring its independence, Bosnia-Herzegovina introduced its own Dinar (BAD) at par with the Yugoslav Reformed Dinar. A New Dinar (BAN) was introduced in August 1994 with 1 New Dinar equal to 10,000 old Dinara. The Convertible Mark (BAM), which is backed by a currency board and convertible into German Marks, replaced the Dinar on January 1, 1995. Under the Dayton Peace Accords, Bosnia introduced a currency board like system on August 1, 1997 with the Convertible Mark set at par to the German Mark. Banknotes were issued by the National Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 until August 1997, and by the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina beginning on August 11, 1997. The Convertible Marka is divisible into 100 Convertible Pfennige.
The Serbian Republic in Banja Luka created its own Dinar (BASN) set at par with the Yugoslav Reformed Dinar. When Yugoslavia introduced a new Dinar on October 1, 1993, the Serbian Republic introduced a new Dinar (BASO) at par with the Yugoslavia October Dinar. Banknotes were issued by the National Bank of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina and by the National Bank of the Serbian Republic. The Serbian Republic was reconstituted into Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1996. |